Power System- Introduction
Generation, transmission and distribution of electric power from generating station to load through the system or network of several electrical components are called electrical power system. In the power system, we analyze and study the journey of electricity.
Let us see a brief summary of the journey of electricity from generating station to load(home, industry, etc). First of all mechanical energy is converted into electrical energy by electromechanical conversion using generators. Then the generated power is transmitted on high voltage to the substation. Because power is transmitted on very high voltage but the generation of power is not feasible at such high voltage, therefore, step-up transformers are used to increase the voltage. Loads are designed at low voltage so after transmitting the high voltage power to the substation we use a step-down transformer to lower the voltage and then the electrical power is distributed through the distribution network.
Why we transmit electrical power at high voltage?
Increasing the voltage of electric power reduces the electric current if there is no change in power. And, if current reduces the I²R loss will also reduce, and overall efficiency increases.
Why loads are designed at low voltages?
If loads are designed at high voltages we have to provide high insulation which results in higher costing. So, loads are designed at low voltages.
The whole journey of power should be efficient, economically feasible, and damage-proof, For that we study and analyze each and every part of the power system in a detailed way. So let us start!